Overview Species Guide Regulations Licenses Fisheries Data

Shovelnose Sturgeon

Also known as

Sand Sturgeon, Switchtail, Hackleback

IUCN status

Least Concern

About the Shovelnose Sturgeon

The Shovelnose Sturgeon is easily identified by its distinctive flattened, shovel-like snout and a long, slender body covered in five rows of bony plates, called scutes, rather than scales. Its coloration typically ranges from light brown to olive on its back, fading to a lighter, sometimes yellowish-white belly. Unique to this species are the four long barbels located in a straight line across the underside of its snout, which are used for sensory detection. Unlike other sturgeon species, its caudal fin is often deeply forked with a filament on the upper lobe.

Source: FishBase & iNaturalist

Habitat

This bottom-dwelling fish prefers the turbid waters of large, swift rivers, typically inhabiting channels with moderate to strong currents over sandy or gravelly substrates. They are often found in deeper runs and scour holes, avoiding stagnant or heavily vegetated areas.

Distribution

Primarily found throughout the Mississippi River basin, its range extends from Montana in the upper Missouri River system down to the Gulf of Mexico. They are also present in major tributaries of the Mississippi.

Behaviour

Shovelnose Sturgeon are primarily nocturnal bottom feeders, using their sensitive barbels to locate aquatic insects, insect larvae, crustaceans, and small fish buried in the riverbed. While generally sedentary, they can undertake significant seasonal migrations, often moving upstream to spawn in spring. Their streamlined bodies allow them to navigate strong currents efficiently, making them a strong fighting fish on the line.

Edibility

★★★★★

Known for its firm, mild-flavored white meat that is excellent fried, smoked, or grilled. Its roe is highly prized, often marketed as 'Hackleback caviar' and considered a delicacy.

Lure suggestion

Anglers targeting Shovelnose Sturgeon should employ bottom-fishing techniques using heavy tackle to combat strong currents. Effective baits include nightcrawlers, cut bait (like shad or minnows), and small pieces of clam or shrimp fished directly on the bottom with a sinker. A Carolina rig or a three-way swivel rig with a pyramid or flat sinker is often successful.