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Spiny Dogfish

Squalus acanthias

Also known as

spurdog, mud shark, piked dogfish

IUCN status

Vulnerable

About the Spiny Dogfish

The Spiny Dogfish is easily recognized by its sleek, slender body, typically dark grey on top and white underneath. Its most distinctive features are the two sharp dorsal spines, one preceding each dorsal fin, which can inflict a painful wound if handled carelessly. Unlike many other sharks, it completely lacks an anal fin. These cartilaginous fish have small, pointed teeth adapted for crushing, giving them a formidable bite.

Source: FishBase & iNaturalist

Habitat

These adaptable sharks frequent a variety of marine environments, from shallow coastal waters and estuaries to offshore depths. They are often found near the bottom over muddy or sandy substrates, but can also be pelagic. Anglers commonly encounter them in bays, inlets, and along continental shelves.

Distribution

The Spiny Dogfish boasts a broad global distribution, inhabiting temperate and sub-polar waters in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They are widespread across the North Atlantic, including European and North American coasts, and also found off South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

Behaviour

Spiny Dogfish are opportunistic feeders and highly migratory, often forming large schools that can number in the thousands. They feed on a wide range of prey, including small schooling fish like herring and mackerel, crustaceans, and squid, often scavenging on the bottom. These active sharks move seasonally, following prey and temperature changes, which can lead to dense aggregations in certain areas.

Edibility

★★★★★

Often considered good eating, especially in Europe where it's known as 'rock salmon' or 'flake.' The flesh is firm, white, and flaky, with a mild flavor that holds up well to frying, grilling, or smoking. It requires proper bleeding and skinning to ensure the best taste.

Lure suggestion

While not typically targeted with artificial lures, Spiny Dogfish are readily caught using bottom fishing rigs with bait. Effective baits include cut pieces of oily fish like mackerel or herring, squid, and clams. A sturdy bottom rig with a weight and a single or double hook (size 2/0 to 6/0) is usually sufficient. Be prepared for a strong fight and handle with care due to their spines.