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Monkfish

Squatina squatina

Also known as

angelshark

IUCN status

Critically Endangered

About the Monkfish

Don't let its flat, ray-like appearance fool you; the Monkfish is indeed a shark, perfectly evolved for life on the seafloor. Its broad, stout body, coupled with enlarged pectoral and pelvic fins, allows it to blend seamlessly into sandy or muddy bottoms. Look for its distinctive conical barbels near the mouth and smooth, thornless skin as key identification features. This master of disguise lies in wait, often partially buried, making it an exciting surprise catch for bottom fishermen.

Source: FishBase & iNaturalist

Habitat

This demersal shark prefers shallow, coastal waters, often found lurking on sandy or muddy bottoms. It masterfully uses its flat body to camouflage itself, lying in wait for unsuspecting prey near reefs, wrecks, and rocky outcrops. Anglers will typically encounter it close to shore, in depths ranging from a few meters down to 150 meters.

Distribution

Historically, the Monkfish was widespread across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, stretching from Scandinavia down to West Africa, including the Mediterranean Sea. However, its populations have significantly declined in many parts of this range.

Behaviour

The Monkfish is a classic ambush predator, lying motionless and camouflaged on the seabed, waiting for prey to swim within striking distance. When an unsuspecting fish or crustacean passes by, it launches a lightning-fast attack, engulfing its meal with powerful jaws. It is primarily nocturnal, but opportunistic feeding can occur at any time, especially during tidal movements. They are generally solitary and sedentary, preferring to stay in preferred hunting grounds.

Lure suggestion

As a bottom-dwelling ambush predator, the Monkfish is best targeted with natural baits presented directly on the seabed. Fresh cut baits like mackerel, squid, or sardine are highly effective, as are small live fish. Use a sturdy bottom rig with a strong leader and a circle hook to ensure good hooksets and minimize harm, as these sharks are often protected. Patience is key, as they will often lie in wait before striking.